Projection Effect: I. Definition: Forcibly projecting one's own preferences, thoughts, emotions, shortcomings, and values onto others, mistakenly believing: "If I am like this, others must be like this too." II. Core Essence: Judging others by oneself, subjective assumptions, using one's own mind to speculate about everyone. III. Typical Manifestations: 1. If one's own mind is complex, one assumes others are all scheming; 2. If one is calculating, one assumes everyone is scheming against them; 3. If one is sentimental, one assumes others are equally sentimental; 4. If one is narrow-minded and sensitive, one easily overinterprets others' words and actions. IV. In simple terms: How you see others is actually a reflection of your own inner self.